Insights into Electric Vehicle Charging and Infrastructure Development

With electric vehicles (EVs) gaining traction across the globe, understanding the various aspects of EV infrastructure is becoming increasingly important. Electric vehicles in this context refer to light-duty vehicles powered primarily or entirely by electric motors.

Charging these vehicles efficiently requires a robust infrastructure, including Level 2 and DC fast chargers. A Level 2 charger delivers alternating current (AC) power to vehicles, with capabilities ranging from 3 kW to 19 kW. In contrast, DC fast chargers (DCFC) provide direct current (DC) electricity, boasting a power output of 50 kW and above, significantly reducing charging times.

The National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) Formula Program has prompted states to develop NEVI plans, which outline the deployment of federal funds to establish comprehensive charging networks within their borders.

Furthermore, certain states have embraced California's zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) regulations, known collectively as ZEV states. These regulations aim to boost ZEV sales and support widespread adoption, with Advanced Clean Cars II mandating that all new light-duty vehicles be zero-emission by 2035. The Clean Air Act grants states the option to adopt California’s ZEV guidelines, setting them apart from non-ZEV states that have not opted into these rules.

For those interested in the current landscape of electric vehicle sales, data is available from Argonne National Laboratory, which provides historical data on light-duty electric drive vehicles. For insights into charging infrastructure, the U.S. Department of Energy's Alternative Fueling Station Locator is a valuable resource. Additionally, Atlas Public Policy’s EV Hub offers a detailed EV Market Dashboard for state-level market shares.

A comprehensive study by Logan Pierce and Peter Slowik from the International Council on Clean Transportation assesses the future needs for EV charging infrastructure against current deployments and historical trends. Their findings can be accessed in the report Assessment of U.S. electric vehicle charging needs and announced deployments through 2032.